Meeting the Examiner: Andrew on Navigating Your Cambridge English Exams
For anyone aiming to achieve a Cambridge English qualification, understanding what examiners are looking for is key. We had the pleasure of speaking with Andrew, a highly experienced English teacher and Cambridge English examiner.
With 15 years of teaching experience across Europe and Asia, Andrew brings a wealth of knowledge to the table. Holding both a degree in English, a CELTA and a Trinity Dip TESOL, he has a strong understanding of effective language teaching methodologies. His experience working with UK universities, preparing international students to meet the English language requirements for higher education, provides invaluable insight into the Cambridge exams.
Let's delve into Andrew's expertise and find out the secrets to exam success…
With your extensive experience as a Cambridge English examiner, could you outline the key qualities you look for in a candidate's performance, particularly in the speaking section?
Absolutely. The specific criteria do vary depending on the level of the Cambridge English exam, from A2 Key right up to C2 Proficiency. However, generally speaking, in the speaking section, we assess candidates on several key areas. These include:
Grammar: The accuracy and range of grammatical structures used.
Vocabulary: The breadth and appropriateness of the vocabulary used.
Pronunciation: Clarity and intelligibility of speech, including aspects like stress and intonation.
Interaction: How effectively the candidate interacts with the examiner and/or other candidates in tasks that require a dialogue. This includes taking turns, asking questions, and responding appropriately.
Discourse Management: How well the candidate organises their thoughts and expresses them in a coherent and logical way, using linking phrases and structuring their answers effectively.
Are there any specific areas where you consistently see candidates struggling? What are the common pitfalls to be aware of?
One area that frequently presents a challenge is related vocabulary.
Candidates might have a good general grasp of English, but when faced with specific topics in the speaking or writing tasks, they sometimes lack the precise vocabulary needed to express their ideas.
Another common pitfall is not fully understanding the requirements of the task. Candidates might go off-topic or not address all the points in a writing prompt or speaking question. It's crucial to read and listen carefully to the instructions.
Finally, some candidates rely too heavily on memorised phrases without adapting them to the specific context. While having some useful phrases is helpful, examiners are looking for genuine communication and the ability to use language flexibly.
How important is 'natural' or 'authentic' language in these exams, versus simply using complex vocabulary?
That's an interesting question. It really depends on the level of the exam. Generally, Cambridge examiners prioritise what you can do effectively with the language rather than penalising you for what you can't do.
For levels B2 and above, a wider range of more complex vocabulary is expected to demonstrate a higher level of proficiency. However, it's essential that this language is used appropriately and naturally. Simply throwing in complex words randomly is not usually effective and can backfire!
Ultimately, the goal is to use language that is both accurate and appropriate for the task and your level. Natural and authentic language that effectively conveys your meaning is always valued.
What are the key differences between the Cambridge English exam levels from an examiner's perspective?
From an examiner's viewpoint, the key differentiators between the levels lie in several areas:
Range of Vocabulary: As mentioned, the breadth and sophistication of vocabulary expected increase with each level.
Control of Grammar: Higher levels demand greater accuracy and a wider range of grammatical structures used with confidence.
Relevance of Contribution: At higher levels, candidates are expected to contribute more thoughtfully and relevantly to discussions and written tasks, demonstrating a deeper understanding of the topics.
Interaction: The complexity and fluency of interaction in the speaking test increase at higher levels, with candidates expected to manage conversations more independently.
Pronunciation: While intelligibility is key at all levels, higher levels may look for a greater degree of natural stress and intonation.
A top tip I would give to all students, regardless of level, is to focus on reading widely in English, practising regularly, and ensuring they are thoroughly prepared for the specific format of the exam they are taking. Understanding the task types and timings is crucial.
How can students effectively improve their business vocabulary and grammar, particularly if they are aiming for a Business English-focused Cambridge qualification?
To specifically enhance business vocabulary and grammar, I highly recommend that students read business-specific texts regularly. Excellent resources include publications like The Economist and the BBC Business section. The key is to find something you genuinely enjoy reading, as this will make the process more engaging and sustainable.
While reading, pay attention to new vocabulary in context, note it down, and try to use it in your own sentences. Also, observe the grammatical structures used in these professional texts.
For more targeted grammar practice, students can use business English grammar workbooks or online resources. It's also beneficial to actively use business English in writing and speaking practice, focusing on accuracy and appropriacy.
Finally, how can students practise and improve their speaking skills, especially if they don't have regular opportunities to speak English in a business context?
Andrew: This is a common challenge, but there are definitely ways to overcome it. My main piece of advice is to actively find opportunities to speak. There is simply no substitute for real practice.
This could involve:
Enrolling in a formal English language course that includes speaking practice.
Participating in language exchange events.
Creating your own speaking practice sessions with friends or fellow students.
Focusing on speaking aloud when you are studying. For example, summarizing articles or practicing answering potential exam questions.
When you are reading, it's also important to understand around 95% of the words for it to be truly beneficial for vocabulary acquisition.
Make a conscious effort to practise speaking every day, even if it's just for a few minutes. A very effective technique is to record yourself speaking and then listen back to it. This can help you identify areas for improvement in your pronunciation, fluency, and even your use of grammar and vocabulary. It can be a little uncomfortable at first, but it's a powerful tool for self-assessment and progress.